Archives for November 2024

OVERVIEW:

The transition from Israel to the Gentiles (chapter 8); the salvation of the missionary to the Gentiles (chapter 9); the transition to the Gentiles confirmed by apostolic authority (chapter 10).

HIGHLIGHTS & INSIGHTS:

Thus far we have seen that Acts 1-7 is exclusively Jewish because God is still offering the Messiah and the kingdom of heaven to the nation of Israel. The all-important question of Acts 1:6, “Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel?” has been answered with a resounding, “No!” This “no” was effectively communicated through the stoning of Stephen and the fact that Jesus went from STANDING in Acts 7:56, to being SEATED in Colossians 3:1. The nation of Israel has clearly rejected the offer of both their Messiah and His kingdom: the literal, physical, earthly kingdom of heaven. God’s plan for Israel has been postponed and the “parenthesis” of the Church Age is beginning.

It is also worth noting that the stoning of Stephen led to a “great persecution” against the believers, causing many of them to flee Jerusalem. As they did, Acts 8:1 says, they began preaching the gospel “abroad throughout the regions of Judaea and Samaria.” God was even able to use persecution to accomplish His own mission of sending witnesses to “all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth”! (Acts 1:8) Acts chapter 8 marks the beginning of the transition from God accomplishing His plan through the nation of Israel to the accomplishment of His plan through a body of people called the church, which is composed of both Jews and Gentiles. (Ephesians 2:11-22)

Notice how orderly God makes the transition from Israel to the Church!

1. Believers witness in “all Judaea”. (8:1c)
2. Philip, the deacon mentioned in Acts 6:5 and called “the evangelist” in Acts 21:8, preaches the kingdom of God (the spiritual kingdom that resides inside of a believer) to “the Samaritans”, who are half-Jew and half-Gentile. (8:5)
3. The witness extends to “the uttermost”, as Philip preaches to a full-blooded Gentile on his way home from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. (8:27-28)

It is also important to note that God withheld the gift of the Holy Ghost from the Samaritans until Peter and John arrived in Samaria. (8:14-17) This was done for two reasons:

1. To prove to the Apostles in Jerusalem that the Samaritans had truly received the word of God; and
2. To prove to the Samaritans that the apostles in Jerusalem were God’s ordained authorities.

In these early chapters in the book of Acts (Acts 1-7) as the King and His kingdom were still being offered to the nation of Israel, the Apostle Peter has been the dominant voice, because he is the apostle to the Jews. (Galatians 2:7-8) However, a new character, Paul, enters the scene in chapter 9.

We are first introduced to Paul in Acts 7:58 where he is called by his birth name, Saul. (Acts 13:9) Paul, by his own admission, was the chief persecutor of the church. He says in Acts 9:1, “[I breathed] out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord”, and continues in Acts 22:19, saying, “[I] imprisoned and beat in every synagogue them that believed.” In 1^st Timothy 1:13 he confesses that, “[I] was before a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and injurious”. Do you know how we would refer to a guy by this description in today’s world? A terrorist! The crazy thing is, Paul was one of the most religious men on the face of the earth! In Philippians 3:4–6 Paul talked about his religiousness, saying, “If any other man thinketh that he hath whereof he might trust in the flesh, I more: Circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, an Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee; Concerning zeal, persecuting the church; touching the righteousness which is in the law, blameless.”

Oddly enough, religion has always been, and continues to be, the most destructive force, on this planet, to the work of God. It was the religious Jewish council who crucified our Lord. It was the religious Jewish council who stoned Stephen. And it was a religious leader (Paul) who was the most destructive force against the early church.

But consider the rest of Paul’s testimony: Paul says in 1^st Timothy 1:13–16, “[I] was before a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and injurious: but I obtained mercy, because I did it ignorantly in unbelief. And the grace of our Lord was exceeding abundant with faith and love which is in Christ Jesus. This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief. Howbeit for this cause I obtained mercy, that in me first Jesus Christ might shew forth all longsuffering, for a pattern to them which should hereafter believe on him to life everlasting.” Wow! What a radical transformation! Listen, if God could save a terrorist like Paul, He can save and transform anyone! Paul goes from being the chief misery of the church to the chief missionary of the church! Hallelujah!

Note that Paul was specifically saved to be a missionary to the Gentiles. In Acts 9:15, God says, “[Paul] is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel.” From this chapter forward in the book of Acts, Peter’s role as the apostle to the Jews (Galatians 2:7-8) diminishes, while Paul’s role as the apostle to the Gentiles increases. In fact, Peter’s name is only mentioned one more time after Acts 13, while Paul’s is mentioned 129 times! Obviously, there has been a major transition.

Acts chapter 10 continues the transition from Israel to the church with Peter, the apostle to the Jews, reluctantly preaching to a family of Gentiles. Notice that the heavens open again (10:11), but rather than seeing Jesus standing at the right hand of the Father (Acts 7:56), Peter sees a vessel of unclean animals descending and hears a voice instructing him to kill and eat them. According to Old Testament law (Leviticus 20:25; Deuteronomy 14:1-29), Jews were to avoid eating certain kinds of animals, specifically, animals that God Himself called “unclean”. So, Peter, being a devout Jewish believer in Christ, refuses the offer to eat the unclean animals. But pay close attention to God’s response to Peter. God says to Peter, “What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.” (10:15) God is trying to let Peter know that He is transitioning from Israel to the church by using unclean animals as a metaphor for the Gentiles. In effect, God is saying, “Peter, I’m doing something new now, so I no longer want you to consider the Gentiles as ‘unclean’, or unworthy of salvation.”

But Peter has a very difficult time accepting the fact that God will save Gentiles. At this point in the transition, we might consider him an “unbelieving Jew!” Soon, however, Peter finds himself preaching to a family of Gentiles who suddenly begin speaking in tongues. Keep in mind here some of the things we learned in the early chapters in Acts, namely, that Jews require a sign (1^st Corinthians 1:22), and tongues are a sign for unbelieving Jews (1^st Corinthians 14:22). So, do you see what is happening here in Acts 10? These Gentiles spoke with tongues as a sign to Peter, who in this context, is a Jew who doesn’t believe that God will save Gentiles!

Once the other eleven apostles in Jerusalem catch wind of this “casting of pearls before swine”, Peter is called to answer for this blatantly disobedient act of preaching to the Gentiles. (Acts 11:1-3) As Peter begins to defend himself, the most convincing evidence he offers to the Jewish apostles is the sign of tongues. (Acts 11:15-18) By the end of the meeting, the Jewish church in Jerusalem declares: “Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life.” (Acts 11:18) The transition from Israel to the church is almost complete.

Let’s briefly summarize the transitions that we’ve discovered:

Acts 1–6 – God is offering the King and the kingdom of heaven to the nation of Israel.

Acts 7 – Israel rejects the King and the kingdom of heaven for the third time.

Acts 8 – God makes an orderly transition from Jews to Samaritans, and from Samaritans to Gentiles.

Acts 9 – The transition from Peter, the apostle to the Jews, to Paul, the apostle to the Gentiles.

Acts 10 – God’s transition to the Gentiles is confirmed by the apostolic authority of Peter.

OVERVIEW:

Internal and external opposition (chapters 5 and 6); the final offer of the kingdom of heaven rejected by the nation of Israel (chapter 7).

HIGHLIGHTS & INSIGHTS:

Acts chapters 3 through 6 reveals to us two forms of Satanic opposition: external and internal. External opposition occurs in the form of persecution. We witness two cycles of persecution meted out on Peter and John by the Jewish leaders in chapter 4:1-22, and again in chapter 5:17-40. Though Peter and John appear to be the objects of wrath, and though the Jewish religious leaders seem to be the persecutors, the fact is, “we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places”! (Ephesians 6:12) The real object of wrath is Jesus (4:17-18; 5:28, 40), and the real persecutor is none other than Satan. Maybe you’ve noticed that you can talk about Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, the occult, etc. with virtually any group of people in any public place, but as soon as you mention the name of Jesus, an uproar is sure to follow! The devil hates the name of Jesus. Be sure you recognize what it is in these chapters that angered the Jewish religious leaders (and the devil) the most! It was the preaching and teaching of the gospel! (4:2, 18; 5:28) A very basic rule of thumb in the spiritual realm is this: if the devil doesn’t like it, it must be effective, so we should do it all the more!

Teaching and preaching is the primary action of the Great Commission: “Go ye therefore, and teach all nations…teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you.” (Matthew 28:19-20) Teaching and preaching is the primary function of a pastor. (See Acts 2:14, 42; 3:12; 4:31; 5:20, 42; 6:1-4; Colossians 1:28; 2^nd Timothy 4:17; Titus 1:3; 1^st Corinthians 1:21; 1^st Timothy 4:11-16; 2^nd Timothy 4:1-2; 1^st Timothy 5:17; Galatians 6:6) Therefore, Satan will do anything he can to stop the preaching and teaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ! If Satan can’t stop the gospel with his external opposition, then he’ll walk right in the front doors of the church and try internal opposition. That’s what happens in Acts 5.

Ananias and Sapphira were held in esteem by their fellow believers because they vowed to sell their property and give ALL the proceeds to the church. But in an effort to appear to be more spiritual than they actually were, they both told Peter that they were offering all of the money they had received for the land they had sold, when they had actually kept back a portion for themselves. They must have thought, “What a great plan! The church will think we are spiritual for sacrificing so much, and we’ll still be rich! No one will ever know.” But though we can fool men, we can’t fool an omniscient God! Peter defines their offense clearly, “Thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God!” (Acts 5:4) With that, they both dropped dead right on the spot! (5:5, 10) Keep in mind, the issue here was not that they did not give all the proceeds from the sale of their property in the offering. Neither God nor the apostles had required that. The issue was the fact that they lied to the apostles about the money, and in the process, lied to God Himself! If you are wondering whether the Sunday attendance dropped after that, it most certainly did! But it was all part of God’s plan! God always purges His church and purifies His people in preparation for new fruit! (See 5:11–14)

Another form of internal opposition comes in these chapters from the envy, strife, and complaining among believers. Keep in mind that the Grecians’ complaint in Acts 6 was legitimate and certainly needed to be addressed but, consider also that the devil is more than happy to keep us busy with “legitimate needs” and many “good things”, as long as it keeps us from the best things: prayer and the word of God! Do you remember Jesus’ instruction to Martha when she was so busy working to serve Him while Mary sat at His feet, communing with Him? Jesus said to her, “Martha, Martha, thou art careful and troubled about many things: But one thing is needful: and Mary hath chosen that good part, which shall not be taken away from her.” (Luke 10:41-42) Likewise, the apostles chose “that good part” in Acts 6 by continuing to “sit at Jesus’ feet” in prayer and the ministry of the word! (6:2, 4) They delegated the “legitimate need” to carefully selected “deacons” (6:3, 5-7) so they could carry out their primary function as leaders in the church.

With regard to deacons, it is significant to note that God even holds those who carry out the simplest forms of service in His church to a standard of “honest report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom.” (6:3)

Finally, in chapter 7, we have come to the first key event, or turning point in the book of Acts. Acts 7 is the answer to the question the apostles had in Acts 1:6, concerning whether or not this would be the time Jesus would set up His kingdom, and marks the beginning of five of the seven transitions in the book. Acts 7 is the third and final offer of the King and His kingdom to the nation of Israel. Stephen preaches an incredible sermon with three significant points:

• First, that God promised us (Israel) a land. (7:2-7)
• Second, that God promised us a prophet like Moses. (7:20, 37)
• Third, but you leaders always kill God’s prophets and fail to respond properly to God’s message! (7:51-53)

The council was enraged by Stephen’s message, and immediately picked up stones to stone him.

To understand the significance of this event, we need to pay close attention to what Stephen said in verse 56: “Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.” Notice, Stephen saw two very significant things: “the heavens opened” and “the Son of man standing.” It is interesting that immediately following His ascension in Acts 1:9-11, the Bible tells us that Jesus SAT down at the right hand of the Father! Hebrews 10:12 states, “But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God.” Colossians 3:1 tells us that even today in the Church Age, Jesus is SEATED at the Father’s right hand: “If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God.” So, the fact that Stephen saw the heavens opened and Jesus STANDING at the Father’s right hand as he was being stoned is incredibly significant.

The next time we find Jesus standing and the heavens opened is Revelation 4:1-3 and 5:1 and 5 where Jesus rises to take the book with seven seals from the Father’s hand, which marks the beginning of the Tribulation period! So, why is Jesus STANDING in Acts 7? It is because He is awaiting the nation of Israel’s response! If there will be a national repentance (and had the Jewish ruling council that is listening to Stephen’s message repented, the entire nation would have followed their lead!), then Jesus will open the first seal of the Tribulation Period (Revelation 6) and Daniel’s seventieth week will begin. If the message is rejected, then Jesus will sit back down, Israel will be “blinded in part” (Romans 11:25), and the Church Age will begin. Clearly, the stoning of Stephen is a rejection of God’s offer, and as expected, we find Jesus seated for the duration of the Church Age. (Ephesians 1:20; Colossians 3:1) Consequently, God turns His attention to the gospel of the “kingdom of God” (the spiritual, internal kingdom) and to all of the Gentile nations under heaven, as we will see in Acts 8.

OVERVIEW:

The messengers of the kingdom prepared (chapter 1); the offer of the kingdom of heaven to the nation of Israel (chapter 2); a second offer of the kingdom of heaven to the nation of Israel (chapters 3 and 4).

HIGHLIGHTS & INSIGHTS:

• Author: Luke, the physician (Colossians 4:14); also, the author of the Gospel of Luke. (compare Acts 1:1 with Luke 1:1-4)
• Approximate date of writing: 59-65 AD
• Dates of the recorded events: 33-62 AD
• Theme: God’s plan for Israel postponed and the revelation of the church.
• Christ is seen as our High Priest ministering in the heavens. (Hebrews 4:14-16)
• Key verses: Acts 1:6-7
• Key chapters: 7-13
• Chapters: 28 • Verses: 1,007 • Words: 24,250

As we discussed in our introduction to the book of Matthew, there are four books of the Bible where you can lose your way if you don’t keep your compass pointed toward the “ancient landmark” of the nation of Israel. (Proverbs 22:28; 23:10) They are Matthew, Acts, Hebrews, and James. It’s not difficult to navigate your way through the book of Acts if you keep the following “trail markers” in mind.

Trail Marker #1:

This book is entitled, “The Acts of the Apostles.” The title is NOT “The Doctrine (or Teaching) of the Apostles.” That is very significant! The book of “ACTS” is the historical record of the “ACTIONS” of the Apostles. Simply stated, it’s the story of what happened through the continued ministry of Jesus through the Apostles. (Acts 1:1)

Trail Marker #2:

The key verses of the book are Acts1:6 and 7: “…[the Apostles] asked of him, saying, Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel? And [Jesus] said unto them, It is not for you to know the times or the seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power.” The Apostles’ minds, in verse 6, are focused on one thing and one thing only: the return of Jesus Christ and the establishment of His kingdom on earth. Remember, Jesus had told them they’d be sitting on 12 thrones with Him in the kingdom! (Matthew 19:28) This was, obviously, a big deal to them! Jesus’ answer to them concerning the timing for the establishment of the kingdom in verse 7, however, is rather vague. Basically, what He tells them is, “It depends!”

At this point, in the book of Acts and in the plan of God, the literal, earthly kingdom (the “kingdom of heaven”) and the King of that kingdom, Jesus Christ, the Messiah, are still being offered to the nation of Israel. When Jesus answered the Apostles’ question in verse 7, it remained to be seen what Israel would do with their final offer. However, by the time Paul writes his first letter to the Thessalonians, in 54 A.D., it is clear that the question had been answered. If we compare Acts 1:7 where Jesus says, “It is not for you to know the times or the seasons,” with 1^st Thessalonians 5:1-2, where Paul says, “But of the times and the seasons, brethren, ye…know perfectly”, obviously, a transition has been made! It’s gone from, “It’s not for you to know,” to “You know perfectly!” As we will see, the Apostles’ question was actually answered in Acts 7 after the nation of Israel rejected the offer of the kingdom for the third time. This brings us to our third trail marker.

Trail Marker #3:

Acts is a transitional book. One thing we will observe as we make our way through this book is that the most CONSISTENT thing about the book of Acts is its INCONSISTENCY! God does one thing in one place, and does something completely different in another place. This is very simply because God is making key transitions for key purposes throughout this entire book. This book is a bridge that carries us from one dispensation into a new dispensation, the Church Age. We are currently living in the Church Age. Acts is the record of God’s transition from accomplishing His plan through the nation of Israel to accomplishing His plan through the church. God’s change in plans is made obvious through seven transitions and three key events in the book of Acts.

‣ Transition #1: From the ministry of Jesus Christ to the ministry of the Holy Spirit. (1:2)

‣ Transition #2: From “the twelve” being referred to as “disciples” to “apostles”. (1:2)

• Key Event #1: The nation of Israel’s final rejection of the kingdom of heaven. (Acts 7)

‣ Transition #3: From the nation of Israel to the Samaritans—a race of half Jew and half Gentile. (8:1-5)

‣ Transition #4: From the nation of Israel to the church—a group composed of Jews and Gentiles. (8:26-11:18)

‣ Transition #5: From the preaching of the “kingdom of heaven”—the literal earthly kingdom offered to the nation of Israel, to the preaching of the “kingdom of God”—the unseen spiritual kingdom inside individual believers. (8:12)

• Key Event #2: The salvation of the Gentile, Cornelius, and the determination by the apostles that God is no longer dealing exclusively with the Jews, but has now taken salvation to the Gentiles. (11:18)

• Key Event #3: The execution of the Apostle James, the decision not to replace him, and Peter’s departure to Caesarea. (12:1-2, 19)

‣ Transition #6: From Peter, the apostle to the Jews, to Paul, the apostle to the Gentiles. (9:1-13:1)

‣ Transition #7: From God’s base of operations being in Jerusalem to it being in Antioch. (11:26-13:1)

It’s important to understand that the transition from Israel to the Church and the Church Age were “mysteries”, or truths that were hidden from the twelve apostles. (see Romans 11:25; Ephesians 3:1-12; 2:11-22) The twelve believed that God dealt exclusively with the nation of Israel (Matthew 10:5-7), and in their ethnocentric opinions, the Gentiles were pagan heathens unworthy to receive anything from God. (Acts 11:1-3) The apostles, however, thought they were going to find themselves in the millennial reign of Christ, but actually found themselves in the Church Age. Needless to say, their journey was full of surprises!

Trail Marker #4:

Keep in mind, as we’re making our way through these key transitions and events in the book of Acts, that the Jews require a sign. God makes this explicitly clear in 1^st Corinthians 1:22, saying, “For the Jews require a sign, and the Greeks seek after wisdom.” The signs and wonders done by Jesus and the apostles were designed to prove to Israel that the message and the messengers were sent by God. (Hebrews 2:3-4) Miraculous healings and speaking in tongues were signs for the nation of Israel. It says in 1^st Corinthians 14:22, “Wherefore tongues are for a sign, not to them that believe, but to them that believe not.” Tongues were a sign given to unbelieving Jews, and every time tongues occur in the Bible (which, by the way, is only three times—Acts 2, 10, 19), an unbelieving Jew is present to witness the sign. The reason that apostolic healings and speaking in tongues do not occur today is because God has postponed His dealings with Israel. Romans 11:25 makes this very clear: “For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.” God has temporarily blinded Israel and is currently working exclusively through the church.

With these four trail markers at the forefront of our minds, let’s look at some highlights in chapters 2 and 3.

Acts 2 — This chapter is a vortex of doctrinal error in contemporary Christianity. This is where the modern-day Pentecostal and Charismatic churches (speaking in tongues, baptism of the Holy Spirit, etc.), and the Church of Christ and the Christian Church (water baptism is essential for salvation), lose the “ancient landmark”, Israel. If you keep your eye on the landmark, and pay close attention to the context, this chapter is easily understood. Here’s the whole chapter in one sentence: Jews from all over the world (2:5-11) came to Jerusalem (the holiest city of the Jews) to celebrate Pentecost (a Jewish holiday, 2:1) where they saw the sign of tongues (Jews require a sign) and heard a Jewish apostle (Peter) tell them that just 50 days prior, they had killed their Jewish Messiah (2:22-24, 36), and that they needed to do exactly what John the Baptist (the last Jewish prophet) and Jesus (their Jewish Messiah) told them to do in the Gospels (repent and be baptized in water for the remission of sins (Matthew 3:1-2; Luke 3:3; Matthew 4:17; John 3:22-23; 4:1-2), to prepare themselves for the soon coming “kingdom of heaven”! Obviously, you get the point! This passage deals exclusively with the nation of Israel! Simply stated, unless you’re a Jew living in 33 A.D., there’s no need for you to speak with tongues, and water baptism does not save you from your sins!

Acts 3 — Again, we see from the context that God is dealing exclusively with the nation of Israel. Note that Peter and John (Jewish Apostles) are on their way to the temple (the Jewish place of worship) at the hour of prayer (Jews prayed three times a day) and Peter performs a miracle (Jews require a sign) and upon seeing the crowd gathering (other Jews at the temple to pray), Peter tells them that they killed the Jewish Messiah (3:13-16), but tells them that if they repent, Jesus will return to establish His literal, earthly, Jewish kingdom! (3:19-21) In this passage, Peter is offering Israel a second chance to accept Jesus of Nazareth as their Messiah, and prepare themselves for the coming of His literal earthly kingdom.

OVERVIEW:

Christ’s resurrection (20:1-10); Christ’s post-resurrection appearances to Mary and to His disciples (20:11-31); Jesus’ reinstatement and restoration of Peter (21:1-17); Jesus’ final instructions to His disciples (21:18-25).

HIGHLIGHTS & INSIGHTS:

By the time we move into John 21 in today’s reading, Jesus has already risen from the dead. (John 20) He has made numerous appearances, two of them to His disciples. But at this point, the disciples are in danger of drifting back into their old way of life. (21:3) They had spent three years with the Lord, but all of that is pretty foggy right now. Things didn’t really go like they had planned. They’ve gone from disillusionment to despair. Sure, there was certainly a tremendous rejuvenation in their hearts to realize that Jesus had risen from the dead, but at this point, the disciples still hadn’t quite pieced the whole thing together. Things were different now.

For three years they had walked with the Lord and talked with Him; they were always together. Now He appears and disappears without any notice. It’s just different. On top of that, they’re all bearing the guilt of the fact that they had forsaken the Lord. All of them, but John, scattered when Jesus needed them most.

When you come to the end of chapter 20 in today’s reading, the main narrative ends with the great climax of Thomas’ confession of faith, in verse 28, as he says to Jesus, “My Lord and my God.”

Then, John gives an explanation of his purpose in writing the book, in verses 30 and 31, saying, “And many other signs truly did Jesus in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book: But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name.” It’s a beautiful conclusion to the whole thing! If you couldn’t see the next chapter just below these verses in your Bible, you’d think that the book had ended with verse 31 of chapter 20. But that’s not the end! There are still some extremely important things the Holy Spirit wants us to know about Peter’s situation.

John, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, doesn’t want his Gospel to end without telling his readers that Peter had been fully restored and reinstated. Without chapter 21, there would have been a major question, in all of our minds, about whether a person who has blown it like Peter had, could be restored in his relationship with the Lord. Because Peter hadn’t just turned his back on the Lord as had the other disciples; he had actually denied Him on three different occasions! I mean, how could someone who had done something like that still be entrusted with the responsibility of shepherding the flock of Jesus Christ? Again, without chapter 21, the question would remain unanswered.

Also, were it not for chapter 21, it would be a mystery, in all of our minds, why in the world Peter is so prominent in the first 12 chapters of the next book of the Bible, the book of Acts. I mean, how does a guy go from completely denying the Lord when he’s 50 feet away from Him, to the boldness exemplified on the Day of Pentecost, just seven weeks later, as he looked out on the religious leaders of Israel, and all the people of Judea and Jerusalem, and faced them with the fact that they had taken God’s own Son, the Lord of glory, and by their wicked hands, had slain Him! Those are some pretty strong words! How do you go from being a coward, to having that kind of courage? What takes place in chapter 21 is the missing link.

Then, there’s at least one other reason for chapter 21. When you come to the end of chapter 20, the last of the disciples has come to genuine faith. That, of course, was “Doubting Thomas”. They had all been convinced of the resurrection, and that, of course, was wonderful, but now what? What were they going to do about it? Chapter 21 is Jesus’ call for action.

A few other things to grab a hold of as you make your way through chapter 21:

21:3 – Perhaps we could paraphrase, “Well, I’ll tell you what fellas, I may not be a great preacher or evangelist, but there is one thing I do know how to do, and I’m gonna do that! I’m goin’ fishin’! Come on boys, let me show ya how it’s done!” Notice, they didn’t even get a bite. The one thing Peter thought he could do, he couldn’t do anymore (John 15:5), because God had put His hand on his life and was in control. Learn the lesson from Peter.

21:15-17 – No matter how our love has failed, there is restoration! Perhaps that’s the message God wants you to receive today…there IS restoration! Notice, in this passage, the restoration was initiated by the Lord! He could have said, “You know what Peter, you’re a chump! You talk a big talk, but you can’t be counted on to do anything! I gave you three years of my life, and I can’t even get you to follow one simple command. Just forget it, man!” But that’s not the way it was at all. Jesus initiated the restoration, and provided the one who had denied Him three times, the opportunity to affirm his love for Him, three times!

21:17 – After the third time Jesus asked Peter if he loved Him, Peter appeals to the doctrine of omniscience. He says, “Lord, thou knowest all things.” In other words, “Lord, you’re going to have to read my heart, because I know my love for you isn’t obvious by my life.” The doctrine of omniscience is a tremendous thing. The fact is, if God weren’t omniscient, there would be a lot of times God wouldn’t know that we love Him, because like Peter, it isn’t always obvious from our lives. Sometimes, we too, have to ask Jesus to look on the inside, at what is in our hearts.

21:15-17 – Saying, “Feed my lambs. Feed my sheep. Feed my sheep,” was Jesus’ way of saying, “I forgive you, Peter. I still believe in you, Peter. I still think you’re the right man for the job, Peter.” The things revealed in chapter 21 of John’s Gospel were a turning point in Peter’s life. The things that took place seven weeks later, on the Day of Pentecost in Acts 2, are the proof. Let God use this chapter to be a turning point in our lives today as well!

OVERVIEW:

Jesus teaches about abiding in Him (15:1-11); Jesus teaches about loving one another (15:12-17); Jesus warns about persecution (15:18-16:6); Jesus’ promise of the Holy Spirit (16:7-33); Jesus’ prayer of intercession (17:1-26); Jesus’ betrayal and arrest (18:1-14); Peter’s denial (18:15-18); Jesus before the high priest (18:19-24); Peter’s second and third denial (18:25-27); Jesus before Pilate (18:28-38); Barabbas is released (18:39-40); Christ’s crucifixion (19:1-37); Christ’s burial (19:38-42).

HIGHLIGHTS & INSIGHTS:

We enter the whole arena of our Lord’s betrayal, arrest, and crucifixion today for the fourth time in almost as many weeks. One of the most important things to keep in mind, as you read about His incredible sacrifice, is something Jesus said back in chapter 10, verses 17 and 18. Jesus said, “Therefore doth my Father love me, because I LAY DOWN MY LIFE, that I might take it again. NO MAN TAKETH IT FROM ME, but I LAY IT DOWN OF MYSELF. I have power to LAY IT DOWN, and I have power to take it again.” The reason these two verses are so significant is that they help us to interpret what is really taking place as Jesus is being crucified. Though it appears that He is the victim, nothing could be further from the truth! Jesus was never a victim to anybody! The fact is, Jesus died, not because men killed Him, because they couldn’t! There was no way that Jesus could have died had He not willed to die.

For centuries people have been arguing about who killed Jesus. The Jewish leaders, of course, are the primary targets of the blame, and rightly so, because it was their plot, and their false charges that forced the issue. Others choose to blame the Romans, and they, too, deserve a portion of the blame, because they were the ones who set aside what was normal justice to appease an angry mob, and they knowingly went ahead and executed an innocent man. But if you really want to get to the bottom line on who bears the responsibility for Christ’s death, all you have to do is listen to Peter in Acts 2:23: “Him, (that is, Christ) being delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of GOD, ye have taken (the Jews), and by wicked hands (the Romans) have crucified and slain.”

Who was it that was responsible for the death of Christ? It was neither the Jews nor the Romans, though they certainly bear the guilt for the actual execution and sin that was involved. The ultimate responsibility, however, lies with God! It was God who destined it. It was God that planned it. And Jesus, in an act of submissive obedience, simply carried out the eternal plan. (Revelation 13:8) But don’t ever lose sight of the fact that HE LAID DOWN HIS LIFE! John 19:30 says, “When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and HE BOWED HIS HEAD, AND GAVE(!!!) UP THE GHOST.” Nobody TOOK it. He GAVE it! He yielded His life. Just as surely as He laid down His life, He TOOK IT AGAIN!

Allow me to call to your attention to a few places in today’s reading where Jesus is demonstrating the fact that HE is in control:

19:16 – “Then delivered he (Pilate) him (Christ) therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and LED him away.” It seems a minor thing to say, “they led him away”, but it isn’t minor. Jesus did not have to be driven, He went willingly. He followed them to the cross. That, of course, is just how the prophet Isaiah said it would happen. Isaiah 53:7 says, “He is BROUGHT AS A LAMB to the slaughter.” Unlike cattle which are DRIVEN, sheep are LED.

19:17a – “And he BEARING HIS CROSS…” Notice, Jesus carried His own cross. Why is this happening? Because it, too, is exactly how God prophesied that it would unfold in a prophetic type in the Old Testament. Genesis 22:6 is a prophetic type rather than a prophetic statement as in Isaiah 53:7 above. In Genesis 22:6, Isaac is a picture of Christ, and the verse says, “And Abraham took the WOOD of the burnt OFFERING, and LAID IT UPON ISAAC HIS SON.” So, Isaac went up to Mt. Moriah, carrying the wood that was to be used for his own execution. So, Jesus, controlling every detail of what is taking place in John 19, carries His own “wood”, in a perfect fulfillment of what Isaac pictured prophetically.

19:17b – “And he bearing his cross WENT FORTH…” “Went forth” means that He was led outside the city walls. Why did that happen? Because that was Roman law. Roman law said that no one could be crucified inside the city. So, they had a place outside the city “called the place of a skull” (19:17c), and it was called that because from a distance the mountainside resembled a skull. Jesus was taken there because it was the normal place for crucifixions. But, once again, long before Rome built that law into its books, way back in the book of Exodus when God instituted the offering for sin He said, “But the flesh of the bullock and his skin, and his dung, shalt thou burn with fire WITHOUT (i.e. OUTSIDE) the camp: it is a sin offering.” (Exodus 29:14) Therefore, Jesus, in perfect fulfillment of the picture of the sin offering in the Old Testament, was sacrificed outside the city. The Romans had no idea about that when they made their laws, but they made that law because God knew that one day His Son was coming to fulfill the picture of Exodus 22:6.

19:18a – “they CRUCIFIED Him”. This is another exact fulfillment, and one that certainly couldn’t have been anticipated, because the Jews didn’t crucify people! They stoned people. But Christ was to be crucified. That was a Roman way to die. Once again, it fulfills Numbers 21:6-9, which says that when Israel was bitten by snakes, they were to make a serpent and lift it up on a rod, and anybody who looked upon it would be healed. Jesus said in John 3:14 – “And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up.” And that’s exactly how it happened. In His crucifixion, Jesus was lifted up on a cross. That kind of death was unheard of by the Jews in the Old Testament, but that’s how prophecy said it would happen, so it did.

19:18b – “they crucified him, and TWO OTHER WITH HIM, ON EITHER SIDE ONE, AND JESUS IN THE MIDST (i.e. middle).” Is it significant that He died with criminals? Absolutely! Isaiah 53:12 says, “He was numbered with the transgressors.” We could continue like this through this entire passage! It is simply one fulfilled prophecy after another. Jesus is ordering every detail of His own execution to fulfill the plan that God Himself laid down in eternity. He was in control of every single detail that was unfolding.

Finally, John 19:28 says, “After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, said, I thirst.” Why did He say, “I thirst?” Was it because He was thirsty? I’m sure He was! But that’s not why He said it. He said it, because He knew that every single other Old Testament prophecy concerning His death had been fulfilled except that one. Only one prophecy remained unfilled. Psalm 69:21 says about Him in His death, “In my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.” So, in John 19:28, when Jesus says, “I thirst,” what He is actually doing is reaching back to grab that one unfulfilled prophecy so that His death could be, “according to the Scriptures.”

Because, according to 1^st Corinthians 15:3, for the gospel to actually be the gospel that has the power to save us, it required that every detail prophesied in the Old Testament concerning Christ’s death be fulfilled to the absolute letter! John 19:30 says, “When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished.” In other words, “Every prophecy has now been fulfilled. I can go ahead and die now.” Verse 30 goes on to say, “And he bowed his head (no slump to the side, He bowed it!) and gave up the ghost.” How did He die? Did he bleed to death? Did He die of exposure? Did He have a heart attack? Did He suffocate? No. He died because He willed Himself dead. He GAVE His life.

OVERVIEW:

The raising of Lazarus (11:1-46); the Pharisees’ plot to kill Jesus (11:47-57); Mary’s anointing of Jesus’ feet (12:1-11); the triumphal entry (12:12-19); Jesus’ answer to the Greeks (12:20-50); Jesus washes the disciples’ feet (13:1-17); Jesus foretells His betrayal, His death, and His second coming (13:18-14:14); Jesus promises the coming of the Holy Spirit (14:15-31).

HIGHLIGHTS & INSIGHTS:

As has been mentioned, and as you have no doubt already noticed, the Gospel of John is the most unique of all the Gospels. It is unique for numerous reasons, but perhaps the main reason for its uniqueness has not yet been mentioned: its unique author. As far as Jesus’ disciples are concerned, John is in a category all to himself. John is, without a doubt, the greatest picture or illustration of what a Christian should be in the entire New Testament. As Jesus begins His ministry and calls the Twelve, what soon becomes evident is that out of all the disciples, John is going to be:

A UNIQUE FOLLOWER.

As Jesus calls the Twelve, it is interesting to observe that in a loose sense, they picture and represent all of Christianity. There are things that were true about that group that have been true of every group of believers who have ever gathered together.

Of the Twelve, there was one that made the same claim as all the others. He looked like a Christian. He knew how to speak Christianese. He knew how to present himself as a Christian. The only problem was that he had never genuinely been saved. Of course, that was Judas. Perhaps that same ratio exists in the church today. Maybe one out of twelve have a “profession” of salvation, but no real “possession”.

Then, of the rest of the eleven, there were eight. These guys were saved, and just really “good folk”. They attended the meetings of the assembly. They sang the songs; they gave their offerings, and were a part of the activities. But that’s about as far as it went. They were just kind of satisfied with being “average”. I think most pastors would tell you that just like the disciples, that description fits about two-thirds (8 out of 12) of their congregation.

But then there were the three. There were three of the disciples that couldn’t be satisfied with the status quo. There were three who had a more intimate relationship with the Lord than all the others. Of course, they were Peter, James, and John. They witnessed greater miracles than the others. (Matthew 17:1; Luke 9:28; Mark 5:37; Luke 8:51) The Lord revealed to them what He revealed to no one else. (Mark 13:3) He shared more of His heart with them than He did the others. (Mark 14:32-34) All the way throughout Jesus’ ministry, they were just more in tune with the Lord. There is that same 25% in churches today. While it seems others are just passively walking through life, these folks are walking with their eyes fixed on things which cannot be seen. (2^nd Corinthians 4:18) They walk up mountains with the Lord, and He reveals to them His glory. (Matthew 17:1-8) They just go further in their walk than everyone else. (Mark 14:32-33)

Yet, even out of those three, there’s that one that goes even further! That, of course, was John. John is an incredible picture of somebody who goes all the way with Christ. At the crucifixion, Judas had already done his thing. James is gone. Peter is following afar off. (Luke 22:54) All of the disciples have scattered. (John 16:32) All except one. You know where you find John at the crucifixion? He’s right where He’s supposed to be! He’s at the cross, at the feet of Jesus! (John 19:26) Oh, what a unique follower! He’s the only one who followed Jesus all the way. Are you that one out of twelve?

Secondly, God has for this “unique follower”,

A UNIQUE TITLE.

On six different occasions when the Bible is making reference to John, when it could have very easily simply said “John”, the Holy Spirit inspired it to be written, the “disciple whom Jesus loved”. It’s a phrase not used of any of the other disciples. Didn’t Jesus love them? Certainly, He did. But Jesus had a very special love for John. Do you know why Jesus had such a special love for John? It was because John had a very special love for Jesus! John is a great example of what it is to love Jesus with all your heart. That love for Jesus gave John something else:

A UNIQUE CONFIDENCE.

In the upper room with His disciples when Jesus revealed that one of the Twelve would betray Him, Matthew 26:22 says they “began every one of them to say unto him, Lord is it I?” All of them except John. John 13:25 says that John’s question was, “Lord, who is it?” John may not have had enough spiritual discernment to figure out which one would betray Him, but there was one thing he knew for sure: it wasn’t going to be him!

But there’s at least one other thing that makes John more unique than perhaps any other person in the Bible, and that is that John had:

A UNIQUE PRIVILEGE.

In fact, John had the privilege of all privileges! John 13:25 says that in the upper room the night before Jesus was crucified, he had the unbelievable privilege of laying his head on “Jesus’ breast”. Do you realize Whose breast this is? It is God in human flesh! Here is John with his head on Jesus’ breast, as he has the unique privilege of listening to the very heartbeat of God!

That may sound like an over-spiritualization, or you may think it is dramatizing the point, and yet the fact is, the problem we face in Christianity today is that we don’t have our head on “Jesus’ breast”! Because we don’t, we don’t hear the heartbeat of God!

Most Christians are so in love with themselves (2^nd Timothy 3:2), they hear and know their own heartbeat. Most Christians are so preoccupied with people’s opinion of them, they definitely hear and know the heartbeat of others (1^st Corinthians 4:3). Most Christians are so engulfed in the world and enamored with the things of this world, they hear and know the heartbeat of the world. But realize today, that the book you hold in your own two hands today, is God’s heartbeat! (John 1:1, 14) Through it, lay your head on Jesus’ breast, and listen today with John (John 13:25), to the very heartbeat of God!

OVERVIEW:

The conflict over Moses (7:1-8:11); the conflict over Abraham (8:12-59); the conflict over Christ’s Sonship (9:1-10:42).

HIGHLIGHTS & INSIGHTS:

As we continue seeking to get our bearings in John’s Gospel, and seeing how it relates to the other Gospel accounts, there is plenty to glean just by observing the introductory genealogy in each of the books.

Because Matthew presents Christ as the King of the Jews, Christ’s genealogy in this Gospel runs through David, back to Abraham. (Matthew 1:1)

Because Mark presents Christ as the Servant of the Lord, the significant thing about Mark’s genealogy is that there is none! A servant’s genealogy is insignificant! His significance is determined by what he does (i.e. His work).

Because Luke presents Christ as the Son of Man, His genealogy is traced in his Gospel through His human mother back to the first man.

Because John presents Christ as the Son of God, Christ’s genealogy in this Gospel takes us back to the very “beginning” (John 1:1; Genesis 1:1), to show Christ’s deity (that He is, in fact, God and very God), and the fact that the Lord Jesus Christ has always eternally existed in the Godhead. There has never been a time that Christ didn’t exist, and there has never been a time that He wasn’t God and completely co-equal with the Father. (Hebrews 1:8; Philippians 2:6)

Today’s reading is absolutely jam-packed with irrefutable biblical evidence that Jesus Christ is God. One of the key arguments Jehovah’s False Witnesses assert is that Jesus never actually claimed to be God. All I can say is, how do you spell “BLIND”?!!! (1^st Corinthians 4:4)

Familiarize yourself with John 8:12-57 before we take just a second to comment on Jesus’ statement in verse 58: “Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am.” Do you understand what is happening here? Jesus was declaring to the Pharisees (and to the whole world!) that He is God, using the same name for HIMSELF that Jehovah Himself used when He revealed HIMSELF to Moses in Exodus 3:14! Jesus is claiming here that He is none other than the Great “I AM”!!! Listen, there is absolutely nothing that Jesus could have said that would have been a stronger claim of deity than that! Notice that Jesus didn’t say, “Before Abraham was, I WAS.” Jesus is not simply claiming here that He existed before His physical birth. He uses the term “I AM” to show that He was not only “A god”, but “THE God”, “JEHOVAH GOD”!!!

Be it known, that this is not simply “my interpretation”, or “one way of interpreting the meaning of the verse”! That this verse is specifically teaching that Christ is, in fact, Jehovah God is made abundantly clear by the response of the Pharisees in the very next verse (verse 59)! They understood exactly what Jesus was claiming! That’s why they “took up stones to cast at him.” Stoning, according to Leviticus 24:16, was the penalty for blasphemy! They wanted to stone Him because He claimed to be God!

The same exact thing happens in chapter 10, verses 22-33. Jesus makes His absolute claim of deity in verse 30 (again, how totally ludicrous to say that Jesus never claimed to be God!), stating, “I and my Father are one.” The Jehovah’s False Witnesses can claim all they want that Jesus’ statement here doesn’t mean that He was claiming deity, but the passage teaches otherwise! Again, those who were listening to Jesus in John 10 understood exactly what Jesus meant by what He said, evidenced by their reaction to it! In verse 31, they “took up stones again to stone him,” because that was the Old Testament penalty for blasphemy! Jesus even forced them to identify exactly why they were responding in such a manner so there would never ever be a question about His claim: “Jesus answered them, Many good works have I showed you from my Father; for which of those works do ye stone me? The Jews answered him, saying, For a good work we stone thee not; but for blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God.” (10:32-33)

There is no doubt about it, Jesus Christ IS God, and clearly CLAIMED to be God!

OVERVIEW:

Christ and the Jewish leaders (5:1-47); Christ and the multitudes (6:1-71); the conflict over Moses (7:1-8:11).

HIGHLIGHTS & INSIGHTS:

As we saw in yesterday’s comments, John clearly identifies in chapter 20, verse 30 and 31, that the purpose of this Gospel was to reveal the signs Christ gave during His earthly ministry to prove His deity, so that the gift of life, both eternal and abundant (John 10:10), can be ours.

It is important to know that the first three Gospels have been referred to historically as the “Synoptic Gospels.” The word “synoptic” comes from a Greek word meaning “to see together”. These three books, as we have seen, cover the same basic material. Over 90 percent of the material covered in John’s Gospel, however, is not covered in Matthew, Mark, and Luke. While these first three Gospels deal primarily with the “events” in the life of Christ, John deals primarily with the “meaning” of these events. Perhaps the clearest example is the feeding of the 5000. While all four gospels record the event, only John follows the miracle with the sermon of Christ being the “Bread of Life” (John 6), which provides the explanation of the miracle.

But not only does John emphasize the MEANING of the events in the life of Christ, He also emphasizes the PERSON of Christ. John records key sermons that Jesus preached in which He identified WHO He is, and WHAT He came to the earth to do. It is significant that in John’s coverage of these sermons, John records the seven “I AM” declarations of Christ. “I AM” is significant in the fact that it was the name Jehovah God used to reveal who He was to Moses in Exodus 3:14. As we have noted on previous occasions, seven in the Bible is the number of “perfection” and/or “completion”. Remember, John’s purpose in this Gospel is to reveal that Christ is “perfectly” and “completely” God! (20:30-31)

1. I AM the Bread of Life. (6:35, 41 ,48, 51)
2. I AM the Light of the World. (8:12; 9:5)
3. I AM the Door of the Sheep. (10:7, 9)
4. I AM the Good Shepherd. (10:11, 14)
5. I AM the Resurrection and the Life. (11:25)
6. I AM the Way, the Truth, the Life. (14:6)
7. I AM the True Vine. (15:1, 5)

Be sure to note that there are other occasions in John’s Gospel when Jesus refers to Himself as the “I Am” in reference to His deity (4:26; 8:28, 58; 13:19; 18:5, 6, 8), but the seven listed above are unique in that they are not only descriptive of His deity, but of how He, as God, provides life. (20:30-31)

Another very distinct, unique, and interesting quality of John’s Gospel is that of the many miracles Christ performed, John chose (under the inspiration of the Holy Ghost, of course) to record seven. In keeping with his purpose in everything that he recorded in this Gospel (20:31), these seven were specifically chosen to reveal that “Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God”. Not only, however, were these miracles specifically chosen, but they are revealed in a very specific order because they form a “perfect” and “complete” picture of salvation.

• The first three show the MEANS of salvation:

1. Water into wine (2:1-11) – Salvation is by the WORD of GOD.
2. Healing the nobleman’s son (4:46-54) – Salvation is by FAITH.
3. Healing the paralyzed man (5:1-9) – Salvation is by GRACE.

• The fourth miracle stands by itself to teach that dedicated disciples must give the Bread of Life to lost sinners.

• Feeding the 5000 (6:1-14) – Salvation is brought to the world by HUMAN MEANS.

• The last three show the RESULTS of salvation:

• Calming the storm (6:15-21) – Salvation brings PEACE.
• Healing the blind man (9:1-7) – Salvation brings LIGHT.
• Raising of Lazarus (11:38-45) – Salvation brings LIFE.

It is also significant to note that each of these seven miracles introduce the discourse that followed. For example: the discourse with Nicodemus was the direct result of the miracles that Nicodemus had witnessed. (3:2) The healing of the paralyzed man (5:1-9) led to the discourse in 5:10-47. The feeding of the 5000 was the backdrop of the discourse concerning the Bread of Life in 6:1-59. The healing of the blind man in 9:34, that led to him being cast out, is what led to the discourse concerning Christ being the Good Shepherd Who never casts out anyone (10:1-41).

As we did for each of the other gospels, the following will provide an overall analysis of the Gospel of John:

1. Information About the Author.
2. His name: John.
3. His name means “Jehovah (The Lord) is a gracious giver”.
4. He is referred to in scripture as the disciple whom Jesus loves. (John 21:20-24)
5. His father’s name is Zebedee. (Matthew 4:21)
6. He has a brother named James. (Matthew 4:21)
7. He was intolerant of others. (Luke 9:49-56)
8. He is one of the two “sons of thunder”. (Mark 3:17)
9. His initial ministry was limited to Jews. (Galatians 2:9)
10. He was exiled to an island called Patmos. (Revelation 1:9)
11. He also wrote the Books of 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd John, and Revelation.

2. Facts About This Gospel.

• Approximate date of writing: 85-90 A.D.
• Written from Ephesus
• Dates of recorded events: 26 A.D. – 33 A.D.
• Theme: Deity of Christ
• Christ is seen as the Son of God
• Key verse: John 20:31
• Key word: Believe (99 times)
• Chapters: 21; Verses: 879; Words: 19,973

3. Features Of This Gospel.

• This is the Gospel that identifies Christ as the Son of God more than any other.
• This is the Gospel that has the least number of events recorded.
• This Gospel contains 15 fulfilled prophecies.

4. Simple Outline of This Gospel—Three Witnesses:

• Witness #1 – The Witness of Jesus’ Words and Works. (Chapters 1-12)
• Witness #2 – The Witness to His Witnesses. (Chapters 13-17)
• Witness #3 – The Witness to the World. (Chapters 18-21)

OVERVIEW:

Christ is the Word (1:1-3, 14); Christ is the Light (1:4-13); Christ is the Son of God (1:15-18, 30-34, 49); Christ is the Messiah (1:19-28, 35-42); Christ is the Lamb of God (1:29, 35-36); Christ is the King of Israel (1:43-49); Christ is the Son of Man (1:50- 51); Christ and the disciples (1:9-2:12); Christ and the Jews (2:13- 3:36); Christ and the Samaritans (4:1-54).

HIGHLIGHTS & INSIGHTS:

We have come to the fourth and final of the Gospels, the Gospel of John. One of the obvious questions that surfaces in every generation of believers is, why are there four Gospels and not just one? Certainly, the easiest answer is the simple fact that God wanted it that way! That’s good enough for me, but perhaps we can site three very basic reasons why God wanted it that way:

1. The Practical Reason.

If you were a police officer investigating an accident at an intersection and had found four people who had witnessed the accident from the four different corners of the scene, it would provide you with all the information you would need to prove conclusively what had actually taken place. The four Gospel accounts allow us to do likewise.

2. The Presentational Reason.

As we have seen, each Gospel is written to a particular audience with a very particular way of presenting who Jesus Christ is. We saw that Matthew was written to the Jews to present Jesus Christ as the King of the Jews. Mark was written to the Gentiles (perhaps more specifically, the Romans) to present Jesus Christ as the Servant of the Lord. Luke was written to the Greeks to present Jesus Christ as the Son of Man. John is written to the world to present Jesus Christ as the Son of God. It is interesting to note that the word “world” is found 59 times in this book (almost one-fourth of the times it is found in the entire Bible!) John wants every tribe, tongue, people and nation of the world to hear and understand that Jesus Christ is the Messiah, God in human flesh, and is the source and meaning of life. In fact, when John comes to the end of his Gospel he declares that very calculated two-fold purpose: “And many other signs truly did Jesus in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book: But these are written, that ye MIGHT BELIEVE that Jesus is the Christ (i.e. the “anointed,” the Messiah), the Son of God (i.e. God in a human body); and that believing ye MIGHT HAVE LIFE through his name.” (20:30-31)

In presenting this Gospel to the world, keep in mind that the greatest barrier to “world communication” is not geography… it’s not money… it’s not even politics (the world is quickly moving to a one-world government!) The greatest barrier has always been and is LANGUAGE! So, take just a second to look up these verses to see what this Gospel, that seeks to present Christ to the world, is so intent on: 1:38, 41-42; 5:2; 9:7; 19:19-20. John wants every culture in the world to understand exactly what is being said, so they will BELIEVE Jesus Christ is God, and RECEIVE the life He offers.

3. The Peripheral Reason.

It is quite interesting to note what God reveals in scripture that are on the four corners of His throne. In Revelation 4:6-7, John writes, “And before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal: and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, were four beasts full of eyes before and behind. And the first beast was like a LION, and the second beast like a CALF, and the third beast had a face as a MAN, and the fourth beast was like a flying EAGLE.” The connection of the four beasts of Revelation to the four Gospels seems more than apparent by the likeness of each beast to the content of each gospel, right down to the very order in which they are listed.

• 1^st Beast: Like a LION. As Matthew’s purpose was to reveal Christ as the King of the Jews, He is presented as the “Lion of the tribe of Judah” (Revelation 5:5).

• 2^nd Beast: Like a CALF. As Mark’s purpose was to reveal Christ as the Servant of the Lord, He is presented as the One who MINISTERS in service and sacrifice.

• 3^rd Beast: Like a MAN. As Luke’s purpose was to reveal Christ as the Son of Man, He is presented as the perfect Man.

• 4^th Beast: Like an EAGLE. As John’s purpose was to reveal Christ as the Son of God, He is presented as the Word who descended from heaven like an eagle and was made flesh.

In keeping your bearings in the Gospel of John, it is important to realize that this Gospel is centered around the passover feasts. John takes us through three passovers in this book, which ultimately culminate with the crucifixion.

1. John 1:1-2:13 is the beginning of Christ’s ministry up to the first passover recorded in John’s account.

2. John 2:14-5:1 takes us up to the second passover feast.

3. John 5:2-6:4 takes us up “nigh” (near) to the third passover to the actual record of Jesus eating the passover feast with His disciples in 13:1-2, and we move into the night before His crucifixion.

Why is everything built around the passover? Well, keep in mind the things we saw in yesterday’s comments from Luke 22… Jesus is none other than the fulfillment of the Passover Lamb! (1^st Corinthians 5:7) That’s why John the Baptist said what he said concerning Christ in today’s reading: “Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.” (1:29) The passover was the commemoration of the most significant event in Jewish history: God’s deliverance from the slavery and oppression in Egypt under Pharaoh, its wicked king. How were they delivered? Through the blood of a spotless lamb! In this Gospel, John takes us to the final passover, and the shedding of the blood of THE spotless LAMB of God! This one-time historical event has been delivering people from the slavery of this world (Egypt – Ephesians 2:2) and its wicked king (Satan – 2^nd Timothy 2:26) for nearly 2000 years!

Let us allow God to use each of us to declare what John the Baptist declared in 1:29 to the lost people in our world today!

OVERVIEW:

The wicked plot of the religious leaders to kill Jesus and to contract Judas (22:1-6); Jesus’ last Passover (22:7-13); the converting of the Passover meal into His own supper (22:14-38); prayer in the garden (22:39-46); Jesus’ arrest (22:47-54); Peter’s denial (22:55-62); Jesus is mocked, blasphemed, and beaten (22:63-71); Jesus before Pilate (23:1-7); Jesus before Herod (23:8-10); Jesus returned to Pilate (23:11-24); Pilate releases Jesus to His accusers to be crucified (23:25-49); Jesus’ burial (23:50-56); Jesus’ resurrection (24:1-12); the ministry of the risen Christ (24:13-45); Jesus’ commission (24:46-49); Jesus’ ascension (24:50-53).

HIGHLIGHTS & INSIGHTS:

The ground we will cover in today’s reading is ground that we have walked through in both Matthew and Mark’s Gospel. Though we have already read it two times in as many weeks, may God use it to minister to our hearts with a fresh sense of wonder and appreciation today. This is the manifestation of God’s love for us (1^st John 4:9), and the revelation of the Gospel (1^st Corinthians 15:1-4). In other words, as far as salvation is concerned, this is the heart of the Bible!

Because we have become at least somewhat familiar with this information, our comments today will be centered in chapter 22:7-20, as the Lord establishes the observance of communion, or what we sometimes refer to as the Lord’s Supper. First of all, keep in mind that this is the PASSOVER meal that our Lord is eating with His disciples. (Luke 22:7, 15) To understand the meaning of the Lord’s Supper, then, we must have an understanding of the PASSOVER, because it is actually the BREAD and CUP of the Passover meal that our Lord turns into His OWN supper.

• A general understanding of the passover meal.

The Passover meal was a commemorative feast that reminded the JEWS of what God had done in DELIVERING them out of their bondage in EGYPT.

• The circumstances of the first passover (Exodus 12).

God’s people were being held in bondage in the dominant world power, EGYPT, and held captive by the will of its wicked king, PHARAOH. Day after day they labored as SLAVES under the domination of the taskmaster’s whip, as they trudged out their existence in EGYPT. God delivered them from Egypt by a series of plagues, the last of which was the curse of death upon the FIRSTBORN. The only way they could escape the death of the firstborn in their house was to kill a spotless lamb, and APPLY its BLOOD to the top beam and the two side posts of the door. When the angel of death passed through the city to execute judgment, he would “pass over” every house to which the blood of the lamb had been applied. God instituted the “passover” meal on that night, and commanded them to celebrate it each year so they would be continuously put in REMEMBRANCE of His delivering power that was manifest in bringing them out of the bondage of Egypt by the blood of the Lamb.

• The “big picture” of the passover.

We, too, were being held in bondage in the course of this WORLD (i.e. Egypt), and held captive by the will of its wicked king, SATAN. (Ephesians 2:2; 2^nd Timothy 2:26) Day after day, we labored as SLAVES under the domination of the taskmaster of SIN, as we trudged out our existence in the course of this WORLD. (Romans 6:14; Galatians 1:4) God delivered us from the curse of death upon our FIRST BIRTH, because we applied the BLOOD of the true “Passover Lamb,” the Lord Jesus Christ, to our lives. (1^st Corinthians 5:7) God instituted a meal that He has commanded us to observe so we will be continuously put in REMEMBRANCE of His delivering power that was manifest in bringing us out of the bondage of this world and sin through the BLOOD of the spotless lamb of God on the cross. (Luke 22:7-20; Matthew 26:17-28)

2. The biblical and historical understanding of the Lord’s Supper.

• The transformation of the bread and the cup of the passover.

• A new meaning of the bread.

“And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me.” (Luke 22:19)

• A new meaning of the cup.

“Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.” (Luke 22:20) In other words, “From now on, don’t go back to the picture; go back to the reality.”

• The meaning of “eating the bread” and “drinking the cup”.

• There are two basic things that a person needs to come to grips with in order to be saved…

#1– Who Christ is. (i.e. We must believe that Jesus is God in human flesh.)

#2– What Christ did. (i.e. We must believe that Jesus Christ shed His blood on the cross to atone for man’s sin.)

• Jesus’ metaphor of “eating the bread” and “drinking the cup” in John 6.

The religious leaders are appalled by Jesus’ claim to be God. Jesus is trying to get them to understand, that “If you never come to grips with who I am, and what I have come to do, you will never receive eternal life.”

• The connection of “eating the bread” and “drinking the cup” in the Lord’s Supper.

We are brought back to the very two things that saved us…

#1– That God opened our eyes to understand that Jesus Christ is, in fact, God in a human body.

#2– That we placed our faith in what Jesus Christ, as God, did through the shedding of His blood for the remission of our sin.